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Castner–Kellner process
The Castner–Kellner process is a method of electrolysis on an aqueous alkali chloride solution (usually sodium chloride solution) to produce the corresponding alkali hydroxide,〔Pauling, Linus; ''General Chemistry'' 1970 ed. pp. 539–541 Dover publishing〕 invented by American Hamilton Castner and Austrian Karl Kellner in the 1890s.〔(Salt Manufacturers' Association: Salt and the Chemical Revolution )〕
==History==
The first patent for electrolyzing brine was granted in England in 1851 to Charles Watt. His process was not an economically feasible method for producing sodium hydroxide though because it could not prevent the chlorine that formed in the brine solution from reacting with its other constituents. Hamilton Castner solved the mixing problem with the invention of the mercury cell and was granted a U.S. patent in 1892 (()). Austrian chemist, Karl Kellner arrived at a similar solution at about the same time. In order to avoid a legal battle they became partners in 1895, founding the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company, which built plants employing the process throughout Europe. The mercury cell process continues in use to this day.〔(Chemistry Chronicles )〕 Current-day mercury cell plant operations are criticized for environmental release of mercury 〔(Chlorine Plants: Major, Overlooked Source of Mercury Pollution, ''Oceana'' )〕 leading in some cases to severe mercury poisoning as occurred in Ontario Minamata disease. Due to these concerns, mercury cell plants are being phased out, and a sustained effort is being made to reduce mercury emissions from existing plants.〔(WCC Submission to United Nations Environment Program on Reduction of Mercury in the Chlor-alkali sector )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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